Production of Citric Acid by Aspergillus niger Cultivated in Olive Mill Wastewater Using a Two-Stage Packed Column Bioreactor

For building a sustainable fermentation process, it is essential to reduce dependence on natural resources and lower the amount of pollution that created. The reuse agro-industrial wastewater after possible treatment leads achievement these goals concurrently. This study investigates production citric acid cellulase enzyme by A. niger cultivated in olive mill (OMW) using loofa sponge-packed column bioreactor. process was conducted under batch conditions single-stage packed bioreactor continuous operation two-stage packed-column bioreactors. Citric were enhanced when culture supplied with cellulose. Employing sponge slices for cell entrapment/immobilization improved efficiency process. maximum concentration achieved 16 g/L yield (YCit.A/BOD) 38.5% productivity 2.5 g/L/day. When parameters translated into employing two bioreactors, significantly 25 steady-state period 5 days at rate 3.6 g/L/day an allover 57.5%. Cellulases reducing sugars continuously second-stage first-stage bioreactor, which turn fungal growth production.